skills

2026-04-01 10:43:03 +08:00
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+---
+name: bun-development
+description: "Fast, modern JavaScript/TypeScript development with the Bun runtime, inspired by [oven-sh/bun](https://github.com/oven-sh/bun)."
+risk: critical
+source: community
+date_added: "2026-02-27"
+---
+
+<!-- security-allowlist: curl-pipe-bash, irm-pipe-iex -->
+
+# ⚡ Bun Development
+
+> Fast, modern JavaScript/TypeScript development with the Bun runtime, inspired by [oven-sh/bun](https://github.com/oven-sh/bun).
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+Use this skill when:
+
+- Starting new JS/TS projects with Bun
+- Migrating from Node.js to Bun
+- Optimizing development speed
+- Using Bun's built-in tools (bundler, test runner)
+- Troubleshooting Bun-specific issues
+
+---
+
+## 1. Getting Started
+
+### 1.1 Installation
+
+```bash
+# macOS / Linux
+curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash
+
+# Windows
+powershell -c "irm bun.sh/install.ps1 | iex"
+
+# Homebrew
+brew tap oven-sh/bun
+brew install bun
+
+# npm (if needed)
+npm install -g bun
+
+# Upgrade
+bun upgrade
+```
+
+### 1.2 Why Bun?
+
+| Feature         | Bun            | Node.js                     |
+| :-------------- | :------------- | :-------------------------- |
+| Startup time    | ~25ms          | ~100ms+                     |
+| Package install | 10-100x faster | Baseline                    |
+| TypeScript      | Native         | Requires transpiler         |
+| JSX             | Native         | Requires transpiler         |
+| Test runner     | Built-in       | External (Jest, Vitest)     |
+| Bundler         | Built-in       | External (Webpack, esbuild) |
+
+---
+
+## 2. Project Setup
+
+### 2.1 Create New Project
+
+```bash
+# Initialize project
+bun init
+
+# Creates:
+# ├── package.json
+# ├── tsconfig.json
+# ├── index.ts
+# └── README.md
+
+# With specific template
+bun create <template> <project-name>
+
+# Examples
+bun create react my-app        # React app
+bun create next my-app         # Next.js app
+bun create vite my-app         # Vite app
+bun create elysia my-api       # Elysia API
+```
+
+### 2.2 package.json
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "my-bun-project",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "module": "index.ts",
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "bun run --watch index.ts",
+    "start": "bun run index.ts",
+    "test": "bun test",
+    "build": "bun build ./index.ts --outdir ./dist",
+    "lint": "bunx eslint ."
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/bun": "latest"
+  },
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "typescript": "^5.0.0"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 2.3 tsconfig.json (Bun-optimized)
+
+```json
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "lib": ["ESNext"],
+    "module": "esnext",
+    "target": "esnext",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "moduleDetection": "force",
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "composite": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "downlevelIteration": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "allowJs": true,
+    "types": ["bun-types"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. Package Management
+
+### 3.1 Installing Packages
+
+```bash
+# Install from package.json
+bun install              # or 'bun i'
+
+# Add dependencies
+bun add express          # Regular dependency
+bun add -d typescript    # Dev dependency
+bun add -D @types/node   # Dev dependency (alias)
+bun add --optional pkg   # Optional dependency
+
+# From specific registry
+bun add lodash --registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
+
+# Install specific version
+bun add react@18.2.0
+bun add react@latest
+bun add react@next
+
+# From git
+bun add github:user/repo
+bun add git+https://github.com/user/repo.git
+```
+
+### 3.2 Removing & Updating
+
+```bash
+# Remove package
+bun remove lodash
+
+# Update packages
+bun update              # Update all
+bun update lodash       # Update specific
+bun update --latest     # Update to latest (ignore ranges)
+
+# Check outdated
+bun outdated
+```
+
+### 3.3 bunx (npx equivalent)
+
+```bash
+# Execute package binaries
+bunx prettier --write .
+bunx tsc --init
+bunx create-react-app my-app
+
+# With specific version
+bunx -p typescript@4.9 tsc --version
+
+# Run without installing
+bunx cowsay "Hello from Bun!"
+```
+
+### 3.4 Lockfile
+
+```bash
+# bun.lockb is a binary lockfile (faster parsing)
+# To generate text lockfile for debugging:
+bun install --yarn    # Creates yarn.lock
+
+# Trust existing lockfile
+bun install --frozen-lockfile
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. Running Code
+
+### 4.1 Basic Execution
+
+```bash
+# Run TypeScript directly (no build step!)
+bun run index.ts
+
+# Run JavaScript
+bun run index.js
+
+# Run with arguments
+bun run server.ts --port 3000
+
+# Run package.json script
+bun run dev
+bun run build
+
+# Short form (for scripts)
+bun dev
+bun build
+```
+
+### 4.2 Watch Mode
+
+```bash
+# Auto-restart on file changes
+bun --watch run index.ts
+
+# With hot reloading
+bun --hot run server.ts
+```
+
+### 4.3 Environment Variables
+
+```typescript
+// .env file is loaded automatically!
+
+// Access environment variables
+const apiKey = Bun.env.API_KEY;
+const port = Bun.env.PORT ?? "3000";
+
+// Or use process.env (Node.js compatible)
+const dbUrl = process.env.DATABASE_URL;
+```
+
+```bash
+# Run with specific env file
+bun --env-file=.env.production run index.ts
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. Built-in APIs
+
+### 5.1 File System (Bun.file)
+
+```typescript
+// Read file
+const file = Bun.file("./data.json");
+const text = await file.text();
+const json = await file.json();
+const buffer = await file.arrayBuffer();
+
+// File info
+console.log(file.size); // bytes
+console.log(file.type); // MIME type
+
+// Write file
+await Bun.write("./output.txt", "Hello, Bun!");
+await Bun.write("./data.json", JSON.stringify({ foo: "bar" }));
+
+// Stream large files
+const reader = file.stream();
+for await (const chunk of reader) {
+  console.log(chunk);
+}
+```
+
+### 5.2 HTTP Server (Bun.serve)
+
+```typescript
+const server = Bun.serve({
+  port: 3000,
+
+  fetch(request) {
+    const url = new URL(request.url);
+
+    if (url.pathname === "/") {
+      return new Response("Hello World!");
+    }
+
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/users") {
+      return Response.json([
+        { id: 1, name: "Alice" },
+        { id: 2, name: "Bob" },
+      ]);
+    }
+
+    return new Response("Not Found", { status: 404 });
+  },
+
+  error(error) {
+    return new Response(`Error: ${error.message}`, { status: 500 });
+  },
+});
+
+console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${server.port}`);
+```
+
+### 5.3 WebSocket Server
+
+```typescript
+const server = Bun.serve({
+  port: 3000,
+
+  fetch(req, server) {
+    // Upgrade to WebSocket
+    if (server.upgrade(req)) {
+      return; // Upgraded
+    }
+    return new Response("Upgrade failed", { status: 500 });
+  },
+
+  websocket: {
+    open(ws) {
+      console.log("Client connected");
+      ws.send("Welcome!");
+    },
+
+    message(ws, message) {
+      console.log(`Received: ${message}`);
+      ws.send(`Echo: ${message}`);
+    },
+
+    close(ws) {
+      console.log("Client disconnected");
+    },
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### 5.4 SQLite (Bun.sql)
+
+```typescript
+import { Database } from "bun:sqlite";
+
+const db = new Database("mydb.sqlite");
+
+// Create table
+db.run(`
+  CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    email TEXT UNIQUE
+  )
+`);
+
+// Insert
+const insert = db.prepare("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)");
+insert.run("Alice", "alice@example.com");
+
+// Query
+const query = db.prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?");
+const user = query.get("Alice");
+console.log(user); // { id: 1, name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com" }
+
+// Query all
+const allUsers = db.query("SELECT * FROM users").all();
+```
+
+### 5.5 Password Hashing
+
+```typescript
+// Hash password
+const password = "super-secret";
+const hash = await Bun.password.hash(password);
+
+// Verify password
+const isValid = await Bun.password.verify(password, hash);
+console.log(isValid); // true
+
+// With algorithm options
+const bcryptHash = await Bun.password.hash(password, {
+  algorithm: "bcrypt",
+  cost: 12,
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Testing
+
+### 6.1 Basic Tests
+
+```typescript
+// math.test.ts
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+
+describe("Math operations", () => {
+  it("adds two numbers", () => {
+    expect(1 + 1).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it("subtracts two numbers", () => {
+    expect(5 - 3).toBe(2);
+  });
+});
+```
+
+### 6.2 Running Tests
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests
+bun test
+
+# Run specific file
+bun test math.test.ts
+
+# Run matching pattern
+bun test --grep "adds"
+
+# Watch mode
+bun test --watch
+
+# With coverage
+bun test --coverage
+
+# Timeout
+bun test --timeout 5000
+```
+
+### 6.3 Matchers
+
+```typescript
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test";
+
+test("matchers", () => {
+  // Equality
+  expect(1).toBe(1);
+  expect({ a: 1 }).toEqual({ a: 1 });
+  expect([1, 2]).toContain(1);
+
+  // Comparisons
+  expect(10).toBeGreaterThan(5);
+  expect(5).toBeLessThanOrEqual(5);
+
+  // Truthiness
+  expect(true).toBeTruthy();
+  expect(null).toBeNull();
+  expect(undefined).toBeUndefined();
+
+  // Strings
+  expect("hello").toMatch(/ell/);
+  expect("hello").toContain("ell");
+
+  // Arrays
+  expect([1, 2, 3]).toHaveLength(3);
+
+  // Exceptions
+  expect(() => {
+    throw new Error("fail");
+  }).toThrow("fail");
+
+  // Async
+  await expect(Promise.resolve(1)).resolves.toBe(1);
+  await expect(Promise.reject("err")).rejects.toBe("err");
+});
+```
+
+### 6.4 Mocking
+
+```typescript
+import { mock, spyOn } from "bun:test";
+
+// Mock function
+const mockFn = mock((x: number) => x * 2);
+mockFn(5);
+expect(mockFn).toHaveBeenCalled();
+expect(mockFn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(5);
+expect(mockFn.mock.results[0].value).toBe(10);
+
+// Spy on method
+const obj = {
+  method: () => "original",
+};
+const spy = spyOn(obj, "method").mockReturnValue("mocked");
+expect(obj.method()).toBe("mocked");
+expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. Bundling
+
+### 7.1 Basic Build
+
+```bash
+# Bundle for production
+bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist
+
+# With options
+bun build ./src/index.ts \
+  --outdir ./dist \
+  --target browser \
+  --minify \
+  --sourcemap
+```
+
+### 7.2 Build API
+
+```typescript
+const result = await Bun.build({
+  entrypoints: ["./src/index.ts"],
+  outdir: "./dist",
+  target: "browser", // or "bun", "node"
+  minify: true,
+  sourcemap: "external",
+  splitting: true,
+  format: "esm",
+
+  // External packages (not bundled)
+  external: ["react", "react-dom"],
+
+  // Define globals
+  define: {
+    "process.env.NODE_ENV": JSON.stringify("production"),
+  },
+
+  // Naming
+  naming: {
+    entry: "[name].[hash].js",
+    chunk: "chunks/[name].[hash].js",
+    asset: "assets/[name].[hash][ext]",
+  },
+});
+
+if (!result.success) {
+  console.error(result.logs);
+}
+```
+
+### 7.3 Compile to Executable
+
+```bash
+# Create standalone executable
+bun build ./src/cli.ts --compile --outfile myapp
+
+# Cross-compile
+bun build ./src/cli.ts --compile --target=bun-linux-x64 --outfile myapp-linux
+bun build ./src/cli.ts --compile --target=bun-darwin-arm64 --outfile myapp-mac
+
+# With embedded assets
+bun build ./src/cli.ts --compile --outfile myapp --embed ./assets
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8. Migration from Node.js
+
+### 8.1 Compatibility
+
+```typescript
+// Most Node.js APIs work out of the box
+import fs from "fs";
+import path from "path";
+import crypto from "crypto";
+
+// process is global
+console.log(process.cwd());
+console.log(process.env.HOME);
+
+// Buffer is global
+const buf = Buffer.from("hello");
+
+// __dirname and __filename work
+console.log(__dirname);
+console.log(__filename);
+```
+
+### 8.2 Common Migration Steps
+
+```bash
+# 1. Install Bun
+curl -fsSL https://bun.sh/install | bash
+
+# 2. Replace package manager
+rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
+bun install
+
+# 3. Update scripts in package.json
+# "start": "node index.js" → "start": "bun run index.ts"
+# "test": "jest" → "test": "bun test"
+
+# 4. Add Bun types
+bun add -d @types/bun
+```
+
+### 8.3 Differences from Node.js
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Node.js specific (may not work)
+require("module")             // Use import instead
+require.resolve("pkg")        // Use import.meta.resolve
+__non_webpack_require__       // Not supported
+
+// ✅ Bun equivalents
+import pkg from "pkg";
+const resolved = import.meta.resolve("pkg");
+Bun.resolveSync("pkg", process.cwd());
+
+// ❌ These globals differ
+process.hrtime()              // Use Bun.nanoseconds()
+setImmediate()                // Use queueMicrotask()
+
+// ✅ Bun-specific features
+const file = Bun.file("./data.txt");  // Fast file API
+Bun.serve({ port: 3000, fetch: ... }); // Fast HTTP server
+Bun.password.hash(password);           // Built-in hashing
+```
+
+---
+
+## 9. Performance Tips
+
+### 9.1 Use Bun-native APIs
+
+```typescript
+// Slow (Node.js compat)
+import fs from "fs/promises";
+const content = await fs.readFile("./data.txt", "utf-8");
+
+// Fast (Bun-native)
+const file = Bun.file("./data.txt");
+const content = await file.text();
+```
+
+### 9.2 Use Bun.serve for HTTP
+
+```typescript
+// Don't: Express/Fastify (overhead)
+import express from "express";
+const app = express();
+
+// Do: Bun.serve (native, 4-10x faster)
+Bun.serve({
+  fetch(req) {
+    return new Response("Hello!");
+  },
+});
+
+// Or use Elysia (Bun-optimized framework)
+import { Elysia } from "elysia";
+new Elysia().get("/", () => "Hello!").listen(3000);
+```
+
+### 9.3 Bundle for Production
+
+```bash
+# Always bundle and minify for production
+bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist --minify --target node
+
+# Then run the bundle
+bun run ./dist/index.js
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+| Task         | Command                                    |
+| :----------- | :----------------------------------------- |
+| Init project | `bun init`                                 |
+| Install deps | `bun install`                              |
+| Add package  | `bun add <pkg>`                            |
+| Run script   | `bun run <script>`                         |
+| Run file     | `bun run file.ts`                          |
+| Watch mode   | `bun --watch run file.ts`                  |
+| Run tests    | `bun test`                                 |
+| Build        | `bun build ./src/index.ts --outdir ./dist` |
+| Execute pkg  | `bunx <pkg>`                               |
+
+---
+
+## Resources
+
+- [Bun Documentation](https://bun.sh/docs)
+- [Bun GitHub](https://github.com/oven-sh/bun)
+- [Elysia Framework](https://elysiajs.com/)
+- [Bun Discord](https://bun.sh/discord)